Earths Second Moon - Do We Have One

Time after time, claims have been made that Earth has more than one moon. Starting in the 19th century, astronomers have sought these other bodies. While the press might refer to some of the discovered objects as our second (or even third) moon, the reality is that the Moon  or Luna is the only one we have. To understand why, lets be clear on what makes a moon a moon. What Makes the Moon a Moon In order to qualify as a true moon, a body must be a natural satellite in orbit around a planet. Because a moon must be natural, none of the artificial satellites or spacecraft orbiting the Earth may be called a moon. Theres no restriction on the size of a moon, so although most people think of a moon as a round object, there are small moons with irregular shapes. The Martian moons Phobos and Deimos fall into this category. Yet even without a size restriction, there really arent any objects that orbit the Earth, at least not long enough to matter. Quasi-satellites of Earth When you read in the news about mini-moons or second moons, usually this refers to quasi-satellites. While quasi-satellites dont orbit the Earth, they are near the planet and orbit the Sun about the same distance away as us. Quasi-satellites are considered to be in 1:1 resonance with Earth, but their orbit isnt tied to the gravity of the Earth or even the Moon. If the Earth and Moon suddenly vanished, the orbits of these bodies would be largely unaffected. Examples of quasi-satellites include 2016 HO3, 2014 OL339, 2013 LX28, 2010 SO16, (277810) 2006 FV35, (164207) 2004 GU9, 2002 AA29, and 3753 Cruithne. Some of these quasi-satellites have staying power. For example, 2016 HO3 is a small asteroid (40 to 100 meters across) that loops around Earth as it orbits the Sun. Its orbit is tilted a bit, compared with that of Earth, so it appears to bob up and down with respect to Earths orbital plane. While its too far away to be a moon and doesnt orbit the Earth, it has been a close companion and will continue to be one for hundreds of years. In contrast, 2003 YN107 had a similar orbit, but left the area over a decade ago. 3753 Cruithne Cruithne is noteworthy for being the object most often called Earths second moon and the one most likely to become one in the future. Cruithne is an asteroid about 5 kilometers (3 miles) wide that was discovered in 1986. Its a quasi-satellite that orbits the Sun and not the Earth, but at the time of its discovery, its complex orbit made it appear that it might be a true moon. Cruithnes orbit is affected by Earths gravity, though. At present, the Earth and the asteroid return to about the same position relative to each other each year. It wont collide with Earth because its orbit is inclined (at an angle) to ours. In another 5,000 years or so, the asteroids orbit will change. At that time, it might truly orbit the Earth and be considered a moon. Even then, it will only be a temporary moon, escaping after another 3,000 years. Trojans (Lagrangian Objects) Jupiter, Mars, and Neptune were known to have trojans, which are objects that share the orbit of the planet and remain in the same position with respect to it. In 2011, NASA announced the discovery of the first Earth trojan, 2010 TK7. In general, trojans are located at Lagrangian points of stability (are Lagrangian objects), either 60 ° ahead of or behind the planet. 2010 TK7 precedes the Earth in its orbit. The asteroid is about 300 meters (1000 feet) in diameter. Its orbit oscillates around Lagrangian points L4 and L3, bringing it to its closest approach every 400 years. The closest approach is about 20 million kilometers, which is over 50 times the distance between the Earth and the Moon. At the time of its discovery, it took the Earth about 365.256 days to orbit the Sun, while 2010 TK7 completed the journey in 365.389 days. Temporary Satellites If youre okay with a moon being a temporary visitor, then there are small objects transiently orbiting the Earth that might be considered moons. According to astrophysicists Mikael Ganvik, Robert Jedicke, and Jeremie Vaubaillon, there is at least one natural object around 1-meter in diameter orbiting the Earth at any given time. Usually these temporary moons remain in orbit for several months before escaping again or falling to Earth as a meteor. References and Further Reading Granvik, Mikael; Jeremie Vaubaillon; Robert Jedicke (December 2011). The population of natural Earth satellites.  Icarus.  218: 63.   Bakich, Michael E.  The Cambridge Planetary Handbook. Cambridge University Press, 2000, p. 146,

Historical Foundation Dimensions Of Interactive Teaming.

Historical Foundation Dimensions of Interactive Teaming In the first chapter it talks about the targeting population served through interactive teaming. These targeting populations include those who are at risk students and the students having difficulty with school failure as well as the groups of school age students who are currently identified having special needs or placed in special needs programs or including students in regular education classrooms with related services. One of these programs is the students of special education programs within this program as stated in chapter one in the book there are 4 disability categories account for the majority of students from 6-21, including these specific learning disabilities as in†¦show more content†¦The teachers in successful schools work as a team to achieve this goal. A test of consultation, collaboration, and teaming concludes these approaches have been supported by professionals from various areas for at least the past 25 years. Legal basis for the approaches existing in federal laws such as P.L. 94-142 and amendments to it, as well as in state and local education agencies services delivery of others. The model in the book suggest interactive teaming as a response to the nation s increasingly problems in special needs programs because it includes the teacher empowerment, community responsiveness and professional collaboration, all of which characterize successful schools for students who have special needs or are at risk. As we learned in the book, the interactive team is a group that functions at the highest level of professionalism because it involves both consultation and collaboration of each member of the team. The interactive teaming model includes components previously used to provide services to student with mild disabilities and in programs that provide educational, foundations and specific dimensions of interactive teaming. The test on consultation, collaboration, and teaming also revealed that a variety of models have been reviewed in the literature. 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Transvestitism Essay Example For Students

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MacBeth - Lady Essays - Characters In Macbeth,

MacBeth - Lady [emailprotected] In Shakespeares Macbeth, Lady Macbeths character is a wife and, at times, confidante to Macbeth. Lady Macbeth is a good wife to Macbeth, if not always a good person; however, she does not truly succeed in winning him a title he can be secure in and seems to only partly understand her husband. Lady Macbeth is a devoted wife and has a single-mindedness pursuing Macbeths interests. Her only concern is for him - that he will acquire and keep the crown. Her ambition is genuinely for Macbeth and not herself. Lady Macbeth also shows great strength when after Macbeth has become King, she is still concerned about the safety in his new title: Noughts had, alls spent, Where our desire is got without content: Tis safer to be that which we destroy Than by destruction dwell in doubtful joy. (3, 2, 4-7) Despite this, she hides her doubts, feigning confidence, and tells him Things without all remedy / Should be without regard: Whats done is done. (3, 2, 12-13) Lady Macbeth is capable of great evil, and connects herself to true dark forces when she summons them to her aid saying, Come, you spirits / That tend on mortal thoughts! Unsex me here (1, 5, 39-40). Lady Macbeth does not succeed in securing Macbeth a position as King. The prophecy remains that Banquo shalt get kings, not Macbeth. Lady Macbeth and her husband are constantly in fear of their crime being discovered and being punished for their crime: We have scorched the snake, not killd it (3, 2, 13) Lady Macbeth knows her husbands virtues may keep him from killing Duncan. She says after receiving his letter, I fear thy nature; / It is too full o the milk of human kindness / To catch the nearest way (1, 5, 15-17). She knows Macbeth is not without ambition, but without / the illness should attend it (1, 5, 18-19). Lady Macbeth knows that her husband values his honour and bravery and uses that to goad him into committing the murder, saying such things as When you durst do it, then you were a man (1, 7, 49) and Art thou afeard / To be the same in thine own act and valour / As thou art in desire? (1, 7, 39-41) Even though Lady Macbeth seems to know her husbands reasons for and against killing Duncan, she does not understand his conscience. She does not realize that Macbeth will be tortured by his thoughts if he commits the murder. Having done so, Macbeth feels extreme guilt: I am afraid to think what I have done (2, 2, 51). Lady Macbeth shows that though she may not fully understand Macbeths feelings, she is a strong woman who is devoted to and loves her husband.